Cargo ship



July 21, 1931. E. H. wA'rTs CARGO SHIP File 001:. so, 1929 5Sheets-Sheet 1 irnuT inUUUUU INVENTOR Edmund H. Wafis' l a U rLFLLHUUFLFL m HUrQUHHUHUU]. h SrLFLUrLrLEUEFLFLFLEFLEUFLEEU July 21, 193 1.

' SHELTER DECK UPPER DECK O RTA BLE E. H. WATTS CARGO SHIP Filed 001:.so, 1929 LOWER DECK 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 PORTABLE lNV E-NTOR munql': H. WaHs224. M.

ATTOR' YS July 21, 1931'? E. H. WATTS 1,815,687

' CARGO SHIP Filed Oct. 30, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 PORTAJBLE. o

SHELTER DECK? UPPER 05cm? LOWER new? ppm-Anya 02 K SHIP-S BOTTOM?INVENTOR Edmund H. WaHs July 21,1931. w fi-s 1,815,687

CARGO SHIP Filed Oct. 30, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 -July 21,1931. E. H.WAII'TS 1,815,687

CARGOSHIP Filed Oct. 30, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR Edmund HWGHSCARGO snip Y "A plication filiigOictoberBO, 1929,5Sefia1 No. 4o3,424,anaGreat Britain February 19, 1929.

7 I V invention" relates to the construction ofshipsimore particularlycargoboats, and

has for its; object. an improved ship constructi'on adapted tofacilitate theloa-ding andun- V s load'ing and stovvage of Wheeledvehicles; es;

pecifall'ybul k consignments ofnew motor vean -a m rof the inventionbeing ide o 7 to, provdefi "a ships' construction cfapable of takingafllarge consignment 'o'f'vehicles or cars p A, foreyrpeak hold lsavailablefor wheelecl 1o asthe" 'Wlidle" mariir' portion of the cargo Vwhilstgpreservingthecapacity of the ship to return; voyage? accept othercargoes; as for example i on the I hull and bulwarks) of the shipisprovided with a plurality of gangxvay"doorsicertain ofWhichbpenvto:t'lcwer deck or decks. ,For loading purposes; these doors.commumcate with" g-angavaivs or brows leadmgjirom' the' clock, the gangWays and doors being of sufiicient' Width toraccommodate the maximumofca-r orvehi'cle for which the ship is desrgned A permahent; decks;while; intermediate these deeks and/eriintermediate the lower deck andthe ship 's bottom, :oportablef or removable i deksare providedsupported' upon --perma '35 'n'ent'or semi permanent girder or otherYhatch way or" plurality oif hatchways.

eoflgangyvay or brow-1 arranged atf'a suitable j angleorigradi'entforthe Wheeled passage of flalcar or veliicIe Y*jla i V h p'ortable orpermanentdeck below the shelter deck isprovidediwith hatchways or:

4-5 openings to: give conmiimication between 'gangvvays; According" tothe preferred; are

rangenie-ntrthe communicating? gang'ways are located laterally adjacentone another and 'zig=zag-1-fashio1r; i Thepermanent and port- 'G ebledecks are built clear so that cars. may.

fiirther f the-invention is't'o provide 15' arrangements such that thecars or vehicles mayhef loadedlby'aid o'ff their' own power or wheeled0n*'bo'ard and" for stowage purposes ship" isfbuil t with one', tw ormore :mmeworks, ,EaChi deck-"is formed:

able" means beinglprovided for securing or anchoring cars to the decksor othfer fix- 1 o ,o

s .4 According to the preferred design the,

ship: is built vvith the engine and boil e'rrooms aftflso that the Wholeof the Waist of the ship from the after bulkhead to the fore peak orcargo.

9 In carrying the invention into'efiect' eiccording to one convenientmode, by Way "of example, a ship is built with its engmeand boiler roomsaft, as above indicated and The portable deck iscarried by beams ancl7i1 I cross girders supported upon stan'chions-,'

Where. necessary, so as tol'form .a skeleton framework upon whichtheportable deo'kj can reniovaloly be laid; The stanchion may be detachableor displacelable' by hinging" to facilitate dismantling the portabledecks when the ship is required for other cargoes.

v Th'e' upper deck'is provided with a pair of hatches, onelforward andone aft of the ,ships-position.=' Each hatch s served bya gangwaydown orup which cars can be driven or wheeled and'arran ged ata suitablegradi-t 1 ent'for'this'purpose. The portahledeckbelow the upper deckisprovided with:a' hatchway laterally adjacent the gangway from the up-1:: p I perdeck,'to 'accommodate'a second gangWay' p b I VfromTtheportabledeck'to the lowerfdeck. liieading Vfromeach orcjertain of thehatch- 4 w ays and from; decl'ri' to Y deck'f is an inclined 'adja'cent'and'in zig-Zag fashion; for'ezzample, o v assuming the gangway fromtheupper deck to the first portable deck tobe a port 'gangil way, thenthe" g'angway from thefirst port 95 able deck tothe lowerdeck would" bea star board'gan'gtvav and so forth. Accordingto.-

thepreferred arrangement, the gangways are arranged so that. a carpassing downth'e' first gangwayiina'forivardlv direction would bezin1dr) reverse in passing down or would be backed down the second gangwayand so on.

If necessary, or to reduce manoeuvring of V -the carspin conjunctionwith thehead and V table such as would 'be capableof displacing foot ofeach gaiigway a simple form ofturna car through a convenient angle orarc, may be employed, or, instead of having a turnv table,a platform maybe provided capable of being'slid or shifting'abeam of the ship totransfer a car from the ort an wa ali n'- 'mnt to the starboard gangwayalignment or vice versa.

i thedeckare'af, 1 I

waysand conveniently disposedto give access portable decks.

, The hatches are of. sniiici-ent extent longiftudinally-ofthe vessel to'give clearancejor head room for the passage of cars or vehicles forwhich the ship designed, while transversely the hatchways may bearranged so as to beconvenient both for gangway ingress.

and egress and. for loading by derrick or grain chutes when the vesselis employed for cargo or freight other than motor cars. I For example,the gangways may be arranged to one side of rectangular hatches and mayoccupy as little as one-third the transverse width thereofAlternatively, double or treble gangw' ys be employed so that two orthree cars abreast; may use the gangways.

The hull on each side of the vessel mav ie I I 7 a provided with aplurality of gangway doors for a width andheight suitable for givingclearance way for the ingress and egress-oi the vehicles. These doorsmay be arranged conVenientlyad acent the deck to deck gangto the decklevels from dock .gaiigways or ramps.- It is preterredto provide one ormore gangway doors onthe level of each permanent deck and, if -desired,intermediate doors may be'provided' to give access tokthe Thevariousdecks may be served'by a single series of gangwaysor a' plurality ofseries may be provided, F

andone-forward thereof for use in conjunc' tion withith'e hatchwaysabove described, If desired, in addition to themain waysherein referredto, subsidiary gangwavs maybe provided between one deck and another 'atdifferent points overthe deck area and away from the main gangwaysinorder to facilitate access to various more remote points orqlocalitiesof the stowage. area. 'When the cars are located in their stowageposition they maybe secured to the deck or otherfi iture by the aid ofchocks and lashe r or example, one series, maybelocated aftof themidships POSlblOIY' of thedecks and gangways.

1 Fig. 2.

Fig.2.

ings or by means of mechanical'fastenings which may be of t e screworleverage type, adapted to engage-the axles, chassis or other part ofthe car. 7 r 1 In addition to the gangway hatches the variousdecks maybe provided with otheror supplementary hatches for usewhen a cargo orother than motor vehicles was beinghandled. 7 f .7 a It will beappreciated that a ship ofthe above character is jadmirably adapted forthe loading and stowagegot a very large number of cars or motor"vehicleswhich canbe loaded under their own power as the arrangement makes it.possible for eachcar to be driven on boardand from deck to deck to theexact pointer" stowagefor the particular can Sl111lllfldll1e cars. canbe driven or wheeled ashore in uiiloading. I This arrangement itwillobe'observed avoidshandling ot't e carsl'by stevedores or othersand, consequently, avoids liability to damage or soinng during theprocess of stowing the'cars A ship construceed'according tothemrention-ii'iay be loa ded'with a cargo of motor cars consigned to.some port it'rom which it 7 will not be desired to load a return cargoof the same character. In this event, the arrangement ot' the portabledecks facilitates the ship being readily converted or adapted to anyparticularcargo which it may be desired totake on board or stow for thereturn voyage. F or example, the removal or CllS" inantlin ofthefportable deck may be readily effected and the'holdsr'endered.suitable for the stowage of grain; V r While a speciiicenample oftheinvention has been described it will be understood that jtheinven-tion is not limited to the particular arrangement; and detailsdescribed, for eX- ample in place of oriinadditionto gangways, lifts orelevators may be" employed for the transportation of carsorvehicles fromdeck to deck; also the numberof hatchways and their arrangement may bevaried to suit predeterminedconditions or the distribution of thestowage space may-be var'ied and the boiler and engine rooms,locatedamidships;

instead otai't. a V c Looking at thedrawings," I E 1- illustratesthesideelevation of a ship embodying the-invention'and' partly cut awayto. disclose the interior arrangement Fig. 2 is a plan view-oflthefupperdeck whereon suitable rectangles indicate the position of motor carswhen the deck is fully loaded.

Fig. 3 is a-section taken through 3'3 of -Fig.' tie a section-taken,through 4+4 of l ig.2. I 7' Fig. 5 is a sectiontaken through 5+5otrelishes":

' 1ri ilessparedpim' iem-reager decks illustrating anotheremhoidilsaent;v at the 1 invention* wherein at movable platormis I1lillllZEdfbG transiier the motorcarr from gan-gway to another.

I v 1-11. -carnying the invention intoefi'ect according to oneconvenient mode the. ship-1s V built 'with; i tsengine; boiler room; andcrews I ;qtarzersfaft as indicatedat E, Fig- 1,

an. upperper'manentdeckrU and? ailower: permanent deck L. designed torcar stow-'- age,. and: with: arportable deck b'etween thev upper andlower permanent-g decks a portable deck between: the lower deck! shelterId'eck is ffill'ii "comparativelylarge hatches i C 1 and C."-2;whichare: adaptedato cover the hatch WW5 and H fiir which the connect eingfgamgwayandI'Ll-2' are constructed.

1 Gangwmy doors, are thrnished in L the hull ottheiship: and.areiiillustratedat D- l, D-"Z,

D4@ and? affiord/ comm-unicstion between suit-able gangplanksconnectingthe ship and the illerent decks within the's'hipfsuchiasltheupper andlower decks- "for instance. Theser gangway doors are; di-j mensi oned:to accommodate the'largesti Vehieleqit' is desired to transportwithinithe VeSseLLfi" ,According: tofthis preferred design "with g} the;boilen; rooms, and ship quanters afigthe Whole the-waist: off the ship:from? 1 the after bulkhead to: theforepeak or fore eel: hold isavailableforwheeled car e,

and? 4a'illustrate of" the gangwaysv which are adapted to connect thevarious decks t'oral'low 1notor1'c ars orother Vehicles tobe wheelediordrivena underttheir; I

, i 1 *mannersupPort a; temporary deck area. 22 :hl'a tchways l'li l'and H-2a1e framed by -la ithe permanent-trainihgfl', of the ship his theusual way'as isfil lustrated in these figuresg andzthez gangw ays .deokfareas within-the hatcltwayls are portable: and may be entirely Nremovedij so. desired, so that other cargoes. 5. than'inotor cars may beconveniently loaded i or: otherwise-secured to the'fi ameworkiFof r andstored irt'the usual manner; I

v A gangway lis shown on the port sideof the hatchiwiay leading from.the upper: deck 7 tdtheportable deck P gl and sloping down-f waird'lyfromfthe after part of the hatchway towardi'tthe forward part Thisjgan'gwayi is j illustratedaasi made angle irons 5fand 6 (Fig. 4adaptedtojsupportthe floorof the I gang waygand alsoato furnish a lowside wall s of perhapsi6to' 101 so that the carsimay'not 'fall ofh-Beamst, 7', are detachably con I eet-ed" to. the "permanent framingofthei 'hatchway a n'claserve: to support a temporary l partial deck 8.which is/laid down to coven $5 that areazotj thew hatchway not taken"so: that motor be i i carried thereon.

f Gangwazy lthis. similar to gangway connects. portable deck: P-l withthetlewer deck; and" is. shown positionedl onf the state board sideoihatchway- H-L sloping down wardly firom the; forward part of the hatchIf I way toward the rear part of the hatchway; I

'Gan wa 12 is ofithe same constructionas gangwaysft and: and servesto;connect the lower deck with portable deck: P-2i and is placedon. theport side of the hatchwwy sloping downwardly from therear part thereoftoward; the forward part.

Gangway ll is similar to the. other gang waystin construction SGIVGS-tOiconnect portable: deck P25 ith the ship sgbottom' andiisrilililistrated. as positioned on thefistarhoai'rd side oihatchwaysloping; down ward partof the hatchway to. theshiplsb'ottom at the'rearpart of the hatchwayx i 1 The details ofconstruction 015 these. gangways formsno partlof the present; invention; except'that they must be:sufi'iciently strong: 959

to: support the weight of the heaviest vehicle,

itis desiredto carry on the vesse'liandgshouldv )be easily clismemberedand stowed away,

They'can'be readily constructed of" standard steel forms-adaptedto'bebo1te'dtothe perma 953 nenti framing of the ship, or they'may be.

hinged to. swing upwardly out of the way whennot' in; use. I

Beams 15- and 16 serveto' support a terns *porary deck 18 on the samelevel with portable deck P I- within the-area 0t thehatch- 'way notoccupied: by gangway 4; serve to accommodate. av number oi 11101301"?vehicles; Beams: 19 andQOserve to support' a: portable deck, 21,,on' thesame level with thelower deck and ositionedbetween gang ways-"110' and12- eamsl2 l and" in like ozra leteliwithportable deck P- 2 andlyingbetwe'engangways 12'; and 14'. These tem porary deck area'sawithinthehatchway will serveto accommodate a nulnberof motor carsor"otherwelricles'. I I i c 'i The beamsifi, 7, 15, 1 6,, 19,20, 24: and25" may be made of standard steel sections bolted? stance, bolted or-'otherwise removably se-t curedvto: the permanent 'framework'ofthe shipand in turn reenforced' by tension; elei ments. a-nd g'l'for instance,which may he detachably connected: to; the framework-ohm):

the upper deckand the lowerdeckrespec-fi I i receivlngdevlcesn Inasmuchas methods and apparatus for performing this function are tively.

The floor of the portableldecks may be :made of ordinary woodenboardslai'dpar- V The temporary deck areas 8,18,.21 and22 alleltoleachother and the ends of which may be readily secured in placeby means of astrip of angleiron 35 forinstance, as shown in Fig. 3.

maybe made in a like manner.'

: As illustrated in Q'the gangways themselves imay be utilized to storethe last few carsload'ed ontothe ship so that prace tically all of thecargo area-is efliciently used even'the hatchwayarea,

- In loading a ship of this kind it is i an 7 necessary to connect oneor'more of the gangwayfdoors of the dock by asuitable gang- 7 plank upor down'whichthe'm'otor vehicles,

' power: and afterthey have entered the ship 1 may be pushed ordrivenunder their own jmay'be stowed awayby drivingthem up or down: thevarious gangwaysto the desiredposi-tionand the deck'areas'are notencumbered with any more'beams, columns or other framework than isnecessary, so that it. is readily possible to position the vehicle inany desired place upon'any one of the decks.

'In Fig. 6 I have illustrated an embodiment of the invention: whichincorporates a movabletruckatthe endsofthe gangways adapted. to movetransversely of the longitudinal axis:

of thQSl'llP upon suitable tracks or runways. For "instance, a movabletable'aor platform T1 might be placed on the lower deck at the 1 rearendof hatchway 1 and adapted to move on tracks 40, 41 from a'positionimmediately in "front of port gangway 12 to a position im- V mediatelyin front of starboard gangway 10',

and a similar truck 71 -2 movable'on, tracks 44: and 45, shown inrdottedlines,'mightbe placed on portabledeck P'2 to connect the ends of gangway12 and gangway 1.4.1 Truck T-1--is of suficient size to accommodate a vehicle wh ch maybe placed thereon immed ate-V I V ly after com ng downgangway 10 for instance, and thenthe truck and the vehicle 7 a maybepushed or otherwise moveda cros s the end of the hatchway. until itis-positioned at the upper "end of gangway 12, whenthe car may betransferred from truck TT1 to gangway i2'from which; it will pass on totruck T2 which will serve to carry it over into yuxtapositioniwithgang-way 14. 'Each deck maybe so equippedat the ends of the gangways. Inthis manner a car will be driven down one gangway forwardly andthe-neXtgangway rearwardly, but, of course," it will be unnecessary to turnor'reverse or maneuver the car in any way and the addition of thesemovable tables although not absolutely necessary to the eflicientloading of'the vessel will serve to expedite it. V v

Provision 'mustbemade for lashing the vehicles inpla'ce'andmay consist:of ropesl.

way clear.

1 a pluralityof decks, one or morehatchways and chocks or of mechanicalclamping or well known itis-deemed unnecessary to i1- lustrate them indetail; or 7 It will be noted from this description that "a'vesselincorporating. this invention may be readily transformed from ashipadaptedto carry' wheeled vehicles. most efiiciently and a enablethe'loading and unloading thereof 1 Without the. use of slings or cranesor: crates to a'standard cargo vessel with the usual open hatchways andthe usual space between v decks, if this space is desirable. Suchavesselmayabe efficiently used to transport ve-- hicles on one voyageand an entirely different cargoupon the returnvoyage.

I claim ship adapted'tob'e .transformedfrom a general cargo vesselto oneespeciallyfitted for'the transportation of vehicles, including permanentand-portable decks, a hatchway affording communication with said decks,

and a gangway in said hatchway adapted to connect said decks so thatvehicles-may be transferred from one deck to another on their ownwheels.1, v

' 2. A ship adapted to be transformed from a general cargo vessel to oneespecially fit- 'ship' is used for a vehicle cargo and adapted to bedismantled when said ship'is used for general cargo leaving the hatchwayclear.

A ship-adapted'to be transformed from a general cargo vessel to oneespeciallyrfitted forthetransportation of vehicles, including permanentdecks and portable decks, a

hatchway affording communication" with said decks,"and a portablegangway adapted to be'erected in saidhatchway to connect said deckssofthat vehicles may be transferred I from one deck to another ontheirown' wheels when said ship is usedfor' a vehicle cargo and adaptedto'be dismantled when said ship is used for 4. A ship adapted to betransformedfrom a general cargo vesselto one'especiallyfitted for thetransportation of vehicles, 7 including portable V gangways" and deck'areas adapted to be erected in said hatchway or hatchways to connectsaid decks so that vehicles may be transferred from one deck to anotheron their own wheel siwhen said-ship 1s usedfor vehicle cargo and adaptedto be dismantled when said ship is used for general cargo leaving thehatchway or hatchways clear. i

5. A ship adapted to'be transformed from general cargo leaving thehatch- I a generalcargo'vessel to oneespecially fitted v for thetransportation'of vehicles, including frames? permanent decks andportable decks, one; or more hatchways, portable gangways Y anddecklareas' adapted to be erected in said hatchway or hatchwaystoconnect said decks so that'vehicles maybe transferred from one decktoanother on their own Wheels when said'shlp s used for, a vehicle cargoand adapted to be dismantled when said ship is usedsfor general cargoleaving the hatchway "or'hatchways clear. I

' f 6."Ina ship adapted tobe transformed I from a general cargo vesselto oneespecially fitted forfthe transportation of'vehicles, a pluralityof decks, gan gwaysconnecting said decks so that 'vehicleslmay betransferred from, one deck @to another on" their own Y Wheels,"'andgangway doors ,inthe, sideof said ship adaptedto communicate with gang-I planks leading to a dock and of sufficient size to allow the passage"of the vehicles t-h r I through. '7 v 7; In a ship adapted to be iftransformed [from a general cargo vessel to one especially fitted'forthe transportation of Vehicles, pera manent decks, temporary decksadapted to be erected between said permanent decks i When'the shipistobeused to carry vehicles,

gangways connecting said decksso that vehicles may be transferred fromone deck to another on their own wheels, and 'gangway" "doors in theside of said ship adapted to,

allow the vehiclestto be transferred from' ship and dock. totransversely of gangplanks connecting the I one of the decks of theship; 1 I 8-, A ship adapted to be transformed fro V fsa id gangways toconnectsaid decks so that s Q: 9) ship adapted to betransformed fromageneral-cargo vessel to one especially fitted -for the transportationof vehicles, including vehicles may betran'sferred from one deck to 1another on their "own Wheelswhen the ship isused for vehicle; cargo; andsaid gangways and deck areasfa daptedto be dismantled Whentheship isusedfor' general cargo, leav-' v cargoleaving thehatchway clear, and mov,p

able supportingmeans adopted to receive afiliv; .vehicle and allow it tobe transferred from ing the hatchwa'y or hatchvvays clear;

aplurality of decks, a hat'chway, passage is 1 passing downwardlythroughthe upper deck and affording communication" with all said decks,and a portable gangway adapted tobe erectedin said ha tchway passage toconnect 7 *"gsaiddecks, so that vehicles may be trans ferred' fromonedeckto another on their own 'wheels'when such ship islused for a vehicleY cargo adapted to be dismantled when said ship is used for generalcargo, thus leaving thehatchWay passage clear.

7 10. ship adapted to betransformed from a generalcargo vessel to oneespecially fitted ifonthe tnansportati'enof ehirae'saiauamg a pluralityof decksfone or more hatchways 7 i through said decks aflordingcommunication therebetwecn, gangways; in said hatchways adapted to b'eerected to connect said flBCkS *soflihat wehifolesgm'ay be trans'ferredfromene deck te-another on -tlrei-r-own wheels, and'of I suchproportions arrangement relative to said hatchways as to leave acontinuous c p :5 gangways areopen hatchway space from the upper deck tothe lower deck when said in position. I v

11, A ship adapted to be transformed from v a general cargo vessel toone especially fitted for the transportation of vehicles, including sopermanent. and portable decks, a hatchway afi'ording' communication withsaid decks,'a gangway in said hatchway adapted to connect said decks sothat vehiclesmay be transferred from one deck to another on their ownwheels, and movable adapted to receive a vehicle and allow it to betransferred from the end of one section of 'said'gangway to the end'ofanother section of said gangway on the same deck level.

12. A ship adapted to be transformed from a general cargo vessel to oneespecially fitted for the transportation of vehicles, includingsupporting means permanent and portable decks, a hatchway affordingcommunication with said decks, a gangway-ln said hatchway adapted tocon:

nect said decksso that vehicles may be trans-- ferred from one deck toanother on their own wheels, and movable supporting means adapted toreceive a vehicleand to move the longitudinal axes of the vessel.

13A ship adaptedto'betransformed from' a general cargo vesscl to oneespecially fitted for the transportation of vehicles, including aplurality of decks, a hatohway affording p a communication with saiddecks, a portable gangway adapted to be erected in said hatch- I :way-toconnect said decks'so that vehicles a maybe transferred from one deck toanother 'on their ownwheels when said ship is used 7 for a vehiclecargoand adapted to be dis mantledwhen said ship is used for general the endof one section of, said gangway to the the same deck level.

Y 14. A ship adapted to be transformed from i a general cargo vessel toone especially fitted for the: transportation of vehicles, including 7end of another section of said gangway' on a plurality of decks, ahatchway afi'ording communication with said decks, a portable gangwayadapted to be erected in said hatch way to'connect, said decks so thatvehicles cargo leaving the hatchway clear, and mV- able supporting meansadapted toreceive a, 7 vehicle and to move transversely of the 1011-"gitudinal axes of the vesseh I In testimony whereof I have signed this1 specification this 17th day of October, 1929. 1 r EDMUND HyWATTS.

